Hemiparesis vs Hemiplegia: What’s the Difference?

Two common conditions can develop after surviving a stroke: hemiparesis and hemiplegia. You may be asking yourself, “Are hemiparesis and hemiplegia the same thing?” Since these two medical conditions sound similar, people often confuse or use them interchangeably. But they are not the same.

Hemiparesis is partial muscular weakness that occurs on one side of the body, while hemiplegia is total paralysis on one side.

It is important to understand the difference between the two because they can have drastically different treatments and implications for a stroke survivor’s day-to-day life. Let’s take a closer look at hemiparesis vs hemiplegia.

Hemiparesis vs Hemiplegia: What Are the Differences?

Hemiparesis and hemiplegia begin with the root word “Hemi,” which means half. Therefore, both conditions affect half of a person’s body.

Both hemiparesis and hemiplegia result from a lack of information transmission between the central nervous system, the brain, and the muscles in the body. This information transmission problem leads to weakness or paralysis on one side of the body.

However, the key difference between the two is that with hemiparesis, a person can still move parts of their body. However, with hemiplegia, they cannot move the limbs on the affected side of the body.

What are the Causes of Hemiparesis and Hemiplegia?

The most common cause of hemiparesis and hemiplegia is stroke. Cerebrovascular accidents, or strokes, affect around 800,000 people every year.

When there is bleeding or a block in one side of the brain, impeding blood flow, a stroke can develop. Strokes can cause certain regions of the brain and spinal cord to malfunction.

Minor damage from a stroke can cause a form of hemiparesis, but severe damage can lead to hemiplegia.

Some other potential causes of hemiparesis and hemiplegia include:

• Brain tumors
• Brain damage
• Aneurysms and bleeding inside the brain
• Brain infections like meningitis
• Muscular dystrophy
• Cerebral palsy (injury during birth or early childhood)
• Traumatic brain injury
• Spinal cord injury
• Seizures
• Nervous system diseases
• Other neurological disorders

Symptoms of Hemiparesis

Hemiparesis refers to muscle weakness and will affect either the right or the left side of the body.

Hemiparesis symptoms can vary from minor to severe muscle weakness. Some other symptoms a person with hemiparesis might exhibit include the following:

• Difficulty walking or standing
• Numbness on one side of the body
• Impaired coordination
• Weakness on one side
• Trouble raising the leg or arm on the affected side
• Trouble with balance
• Drooping in the face on the affected side

Symptoms of Hemiplegia

Hemiplegia refers to paralysis and will affect either the right or the left side of the body. Hemiplegia symptoms can vary in severity. Symptoms can include the following:

• Difficulty walking or standing
• Muscle weakness and stiffness
• Loss of balance
• Impaired coordination
• Difficulty trying to move their arm or leg
• Vision issues
• Difficulty holding objects

How Are Hemiparesis and Hemiplegia Diagnosed?

A medical doctor will perform different tests to determine if you have hemiparesis or hemiplegia. Typically, this includes physical examination and imaging tests such as X-rays, MRIs, or CT scans.

What Are the Treatment Options for Hemiparesis and Hemiplegia?

Treatment for hemiparesis and hemiplegia can vary depending on the cause. Medical professionals can treat many conditions that cause hemiparesis and hemiplegia. However, some issues may cause permanent damage to the body.

Treatment focuses on addressing the root cause and increasing muscle strength and mobility.

Typical treatment options can include:

• Occupational therapy
• Physical therapy
• Mobility aids such as walkers or wheelchairs
• Medications
• Surgery
• Psychotherapy
• Alternative therapies such as acupuncture, herbal supplements, mindfulness, and massage. Read about adult speech therapy here.

Prognosis and Recovery

The prognosis of hemiparesis and hemiplegia is challenging to predict, as everyone’s recovery will be different. Factors such as age, physical health, and the extent of nerve damage can affect how a person will recover.

The good news is that the brain is capable of healing itself through neuroplasticity. For neuroplasticity to work, it is important to practice rehab exercises repeatedly. With persistence, movement for people with hemiparesis or hemiplegia can improve.

Early intervention and active participation in rehabilitation are key. If you suspect you have hemiparesis or hemiplegia, seeking medical help and following your treatment plan can significantly improve your recovery outlook.

Living with Hemiparesis or Hemiplegia

Individuals with hemiparesis or hemiplegia face certain challenges in their daily lives. Every aspect of your life will need to be restructured. Exercise and strength training may improve your mobility and range of motion.

Relearning how to eat and drink, get dressed, and manage household chores will take some practice, but it can become easier with time. Home modifications such as ramps, grab bars, and tub benches can help make life easier for people living with hemiparesis or hemiplegia.

Prevention of Hemiparesis and Hemiplegia

Hemiparesis and hemiplegia are not preventable due to the unpredictable nature of the conditions. But there are ways to risk your chances of them developing.

There are some lifestyle changes that you can make to help prevent a stroke and other conditions that may lead to hemiparesis or hemiplegia.

These include the following:

• Exercise more
• Stop smoking (if you do)
• Eat a healthy diet
• Manage blood sugar
• Improve your cholesterol
• Get adequate sleep
• Manage blood pressure

In Summary

Hemiparesis and hemiplegia are similar conditions in that they both can affect one side of the body. Hemiparesis causes muscle weakness, while hemiplegia is more severe and causes paralysis.

It is essential to seek medical attention if you have any symptoms or have suffered a stroke or other brain injury. A medical professional can diagnose your condition and help you get treatment underway before your condition worsens.