A stroke happens when blood flow to part of the brain is disrupted, usually by a blood clot (ischemic stroke) or bleeding in the brain (hemorrhagic stroke). This cuts off oxygen, damaging brain cells. It’s a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment and fast action is critical.

About 1 in 1,000 people have a stroke each year. Risk rises with age and is slightly higher in men. Many survivors face long-term effects like paralysis, speech problems, memory issues, or emotional changes. Around 40% have lasting disabilities, and stroke survivors are at higher risk of future strokes or heart attacks.

Common signs include:

• Sudden weakness or numbness, often on one side of the body
• Paralysis
• Slurred speech or language difficulties
• Vision problems
• Dizziness or trouble walking
• Severe headache (sometimes with nausea or unconsciousness)

Stroke risk increases with:

• High blood pressure
• Smoking
• High cholesterol
• Atrial fibrillation
• Family history

Rehabilitation

Recovery focuses on regaining mobility, speech, and independence. Rehab often starts in the hospital and continues through therapy programs that may include physical, speech, and occupational therapy.

Prevention

Managing blood pressure, cholesterol, and heart rhythm (e.g., with medication or blood thinners) lowers stroke risk. Surgery or stents may be needed for blocked arteries.